Reduction Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Decrease Definition and Examples in Chemistry Decrease includes a half-response wherein a compound animal varieties diminishes its oxidation number, as a rule by picking up electrons. The other portion of the response includes oxidation, in which electrons are lost. Together, decrease and oxidation structure redox responses (decrease oxidation redox). Decrease might be viewed as the contrary procedure of oxidation. In certain responses, oxidation and decrease might be seen as far as oxygen move. Here, oxidation is the increase of oxygen, while decrease is the loss of oxygen. An old, less-regular meaning of oxidation and decrease analyzes the response regarding protons or hydrogen. Here, oxidation is ​the loss of hydrogen, while decrease is the increase of hydrogen. The most precise decrease definition includes electrons and oxidation number. Instances of Reduction The H particles, with an oxidation number of 1, are decreased to H2, with an oxidation number of 0, in the response: Zn(s) 2H(aq) â†' Zn2(aq) H2(g) Another straightforward model is the response between copper oxide and magnesium to yield copper and magnesium oxide: CuO Mg â†' Cu MgO Rusting of iron is a procedure that includes oxidation and decrease. Oxygen is decreased, while iron is oxidized. While its simple to distinguish which species are oxidized and decreased utilizing the oxygen meaning of oxidation and decrease, its harder to envision electrons. One approach to do this is to change the response as an ionic condition. Copper(II) oxide and magnesium oxide are ionic mixes, while the metals are most certainly not: Cu2 Mg â†' Cu Mg2 The copper particle experiences decrease by picking up electrons to frame copper. The magnesium experiences oxidation by losing electrons to shape the 2 cation. Or on the other hand, you can see it as magnesium decreasing the copper(II) particles by giving electrons. Magnesium goes about as a lessening operator. Meanwhile, the copper(II) particles expel electrons from magnesium to shape magnesium particles. The copper(II) particles are the oxidizing specialist. Another model is the response that concentrates iron from iron mineral: Fe2O3 3CO â†' 2Fe 3 CO2 The iron oxide experiences decrease (loses oxygen) to shape iron while the carbon monoxide is oxidized (gains oxygen) to frame carbon dioxide. In this unique situation, iron(III) oxide is the oxidizing operator, which offers oxygen to another particle. Carbon monoxide is the lessening operator, which expels oxygen from a concoction animal categories. OIL RIG and LEO GER To Remember Oxidation and Reduction There are two abbreviations that may assist you with keeping oxidation and decrease straight. OIL RIG-This represents Oxidation Is Loss and Reduction Is Gain. The species that is oxidized loses electrons, which are picked up by the species that is reduced.LEO GER or Leo the lion says grr.- This represents Loss of Electrons Oxidation while Gain of Electrons Reduction. Another approach to recollect which some portion of the response is oxidized and which is diminished is to just review decrease mean decrease in control.

Making Hotplates Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Making Hotplates - Assignment Example As uncovered, â€Å"specialized employments turned out to be very boring† (Gachire, n.d., p. 8) and the change prodded inspiration and improvement. The huge increment in execution and employment fulfillment that was made conceivable with distinguishing the completed item to explicit specialists similarly added to the critical drop in truancy and an expansion in moral. Similarly, by requesting the recommendation of the laborers who are generally learned in methods of improving their occupations (Gachire, n.d.), there was a checked improvement in moral related to expanded inspiration, drop in non-attendance and increment in by and large execution and profitability. The significant changes in the circumstance remember urging the laborers to work for another procedure work process that would empower every specialist to collect the hotplate totally. This change gave powerful inspiration to drive these laborers into improving execution and efficiency since each yield could be effortlessly recognized and represented by the laborers. Along these lines, every laborer put forth a valiant effort to guarantee that the completed item is liberated from any quality deformities. The proposed change was successfully imagined and executed by the director, with information sources and recommendations talked about at first with the laborers. As at first demonstrated, the rejects were for all intents and purposes controllable; which means, the administrator could without much of a stretch forestall their events. Hence, the progressions were constrained by the laborers under the administration and inspiration gave by the director. In the event that the laborers returned to the old sequential construction system technique, a similar high pace of truancy, high pace of rejects, and low efficiency and resolve would result. As assessed, as started from conduct the board hypotheses that attention on deciding the activity design’s connection to efficiency, fulfillment and inspiration, the old mechanical production system strategy is excessively organized, everyday practice, and repetitive that keeps laborers from being tested and in

Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers

Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print The Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on August 13, 2019 efenzi/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use A drug used to help people stop smoking may also help heavy drinkers cut back the amount they drink, thereby reducing their harmful level of alcohol consumption. A study of the drug varenicline, marketed as Chantix, significantly reduced the level of consumption by a group of heavy-drinking smokers, who were seeking treatment for smoking, not for alcohol. Researchers believe the drug could possibly be a new treatment for those who need to reduce their level of harmful drinking. At the Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at the University of California, San Francisco, researchers studied 64 patients seeking treatment for smoking cessation over a 16-week period. Part of the group was given Chantix and the other a placebo. The Average Number of Are Drinks Reduced The participants who took Chantix reduced their average number of drinks per week by 35.32% compared to those taking the placebo. The researchers found that the drugs effects on drinking were separate from its effects on smokingâ€"there was no correlation between the average number of drinks and the average number of cigarettes they smoked. The study found that Chantix did not reduce the number of days per week the participants drank  but reduced the number of drinks they consumed when they did drink. People initiated drinking at the same rate, but they drank less once they started, said lead author Jennifer Mitchell. If your usual pattern was to come home and have a few beers, you would still do that, but you might have one or two instead of four or five. Medications for Alcoholism Reducing Harmful Drinking The authors concluded that Chantix could potentially be valuable in reducing the harm caused by alcohol abuse. If you currently drink seven drinks a night, and we can turn that into two or three, then youre not only drinking at a level thats going to harm you less, youre less likely to harm others, as well. If we could lower the rates of drunk driving, spousal and child abuse and other secondary effects of alcoholism, that would be tremendous, Mitchell said in a news release. Chantix helps people stop smoking by blocking the pleasant effects of nicotine in the brain. The authors believe that alcohol and nicotine use a common pathway in the brain to provide feelings of pleasure and reward. Low Side Effects in Controlled Group The downside to Chantix, however, is the negative side effects of producing depression and thoughts of suicide. In this study, the researchers said the side effects were low and reduced over time, but that may be due to the fact that participants were carefully screened for mental health disorders before they were allowed into the study. Further research is needed to examine side effects that include depression and suicidal thoughts. The researchers recommend future studies with participants who have comorbid mental health conditions as well as with heavy drinkers who do not smoke. The Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Depression

Compare Contrast - 1550 Words

ONE IN THE SAME Due to the many similarities and very few differences, an alcoholic and a workaholic can be considered as being one in the same. According to the medical dictionary a workaholic is defined as â€Å"one who has a compulsive and unrelenting need to work† (The American Heritage Stedman’s Medical Dictionary). Although some people tend to confuse a hard worker for a workaholic, some common characteristics that can distinguish the two are that workaholics are often described as intense, impatient, energetic, competitive, and driven to perfection (Robinson 65). They often blur the line between business and pleasure, and prefer work to leisure regardless of the time or place. As a consequence, it is not uncommon for workaholics to†¦show more content†¦The Health assessment of an alcoholic is far worse as they can suffer from a number of health complications and diseases that are associated with alcoholism such as liver disease, alcohol induced pancreati tis, cancer and cardiovascular disease (Rehm136). Not to mention the many types of injuries that be sustained while intoxicated, such as alcohol poisoning, broken limbs, or blackouts (137). Once a person health and family life begin to become effected it should trigger an alarm that something is not right. One of the major steps a workaholic must do to help cope with their problem is to first, recognize that they indeed have a problem. A workaholic must be able to see that the real root of all their problems is due to their unwavering need to constantly choose work over family and leisure time. Once a workaholic recognizes and pinpoints the problem the next step would be for them to accept that they have a problem. At this point it is likely that the workaholics close friends, family and any others that may be affected come together to express their concerns and provide support to the workaholic through a process called group intervention (Dungan 42). The goal of such an intervention is to be able to break through the denial and emotions felt by the workaholic so that they can believe in themselves and find strength within so that they mayShow MoreRelatedCompare and C ontrast1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create lists of qualitiesRead MoreCompare and Contrast1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create listsRead MoreCompare and Contrast1582 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: COMPARE AND CONTRAST Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test Mary Coleman May 12, 2008 PSYU 565 Jeffrey A. Stone, PhD. Chapman University Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test The assignment for this week is to compare and contrast the results from three self administered tests we took in class. The tests I will compare and contrast are the 16 Personality Factors (16PF), the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis (T-JTA)Read MoreCompare-Contrast1087 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). 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Going outside and letting the imagination of being on the big stage and making the final pitch to win the World Series or the final Hail Mary throw to win the SuperRead MoreCompare and Contrast778 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the way Seamus Heaney and at least one other poet describe their childhood experiences. The two poets I am writing about are Seamus Heaney and D H Laurence. The two poems by Seamus Heaney I will be writing about are death of a naturalist and blackberry picking. The poem by D H Laurence I will be writing about is discord in childhood. Death of a naturalist Death of a naturalist is about Seamus Heaney as a child going to this pond where every year he went to collect frogspawnRead MoreCompare and Contrast1122 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay In today’s society the majority of the crimes are still being committed by people who have possessed a firearm that has been obtained illegally or without proper permits. That being said there has been a strong push for gun control because of the rise of shootings involving a large group of people such as the Columbine massacre, Virginia Tech shooting and latest Aurora movie theater shooting involving people who have purchased firearms legally. Gun control laws in theRead MoreCompare and Contrast2738 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individualRead MoreCompare and Contrast2751 Words   |  12 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individual

The Importance Of Emotion Knowledge And Emotion Competence...

The Significance of Emotion Knowledge and Emotion Competence Children will often have behavior issues that result in difficulties adjusting to school. Emotion competence and emotion knowledge is the ability to recognize, interpret, and respond constructively to emotions (Miller et al., 2006). What role does emotion knowledge as well as emotion competence have in the behavior and adjustment to school for preschool children? The answer to that question is unclear. Researchers have uncovered evidence that provides mixed results regarding the importance of emotion knowledge and competence in the behavior adjustment to school by preschool children. Literature Review Emotion knowledge and emotion competence has a neutral and negative effect in some areas of preschool child development (Salmon, Dittman, Sanders, Burson, Hammington 2014; Berzinski Yates 2013). Berzinski and Yates (2013) found that children with behavior problems also have low emotion knowledge and low emotion competence subsequently they believed that emotion knowledge along with emotion competence would affect the behavior of children. Berzinski and Yates (2013) presented evidence that suggested harsh punishment was linked to the behavior adjustment of children. They conducted a study that analyzed the possible relationship between emotion knowledge, emotion competence, and harsh punishment of preschoolers. Their study involved observing child and parent interaction within a clinical setting.Show MoreRelatedThe Preschool Kids Learning Values, Skills, And Knowledge1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthis case, the preschool kids learning values, skills, and knowled ge, with the sole purpose of enabling them to effectively relate to their peers, others, and the community as a whole. 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I need to be a democratic when business is running smoothly, Visionary when planning new projects, coaching with low performers, autocratic when I need toRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Nursing Leadership1638 Words   |  7 PagesBackground and Concept of Emotional Intelligence Psychologists John Mayer and Peter Salovey first introduced emotional intelligence in 1990. They defined emotional intelligence as the ability to take note of one s own and others feelings and emotions, to be able to tell the difference between them and to use the information gathered to make one s decision on how to act upon this information (Mayer Salovey, 1997). There are four parts to emotional intelligence that will be discussed furtherRead MoreComparing Three Types Of Managers973 Words   |  4 Pagessnacks. A pride-builder realizes different approaches are needed for different individuals and tailors the motivation and pride building to the individual or specific groups. 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The authors of this study compared the judgements of trainee teachers with the responses of young children regarding theirRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Human Primates1709 Words   |  7 PagesIt is widely argued that there are a set of universal or basic emotions that are not common solely to humans (Ekman 1992) but whether or not secondary emotions and the extent to which non-basic emotions are found in primates is less well-known. There is a strong suggestion that non-human primates are capable of empathy and that it is a phylogenetically-continuous trait (Preston and de Waal 2002). Whether or not responses displayed in relation to death in non-human primates has been debated and will

Case Study On HR Planning Free Essays

Ms. Barnacles has an MBA-Human Resources Management from Winston Churchill University and has been instrumental in formalizing the institution’s human resources’ policies and procedures. Occupancy rates in the hospital had run between 76 and 82 percent from 1987 to 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study On HR Planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, since then, occupancy has fallen to 57 percent. Such declines have not been unusual for this industry during this period due to the emphasis of on outpatient services and increasing competition. However, the decline inning occupancy rate has affected this hospital revenues to such an extent that it ran a deficit for the first time last year. The only response to these changes thus far has been a tightening of requirements for equipment or apply purchases. At the most recent quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors on July 31 , 201 3, DRP. Imides Gigantic presented the rather bleak financial picture. The projected deficit for 2013 was PH 3,865,000. 00 unless some additional revenue sources were identified or some additional savings were found. The Board’s recommendation, based on the immediate crisis and need to generate short-term saving, was that employee layoffs were the only realistic alternative. They recommended that DRP. Imides Gigantic consider laying-off up to 10 percent of the hospital’s employee’s with an emphasis on hose in â€Å"non-essentials† areas. DRP. Gigantic responded that the hospital employees had never been laid off in the history of the institution. Moreover, she viewed the employees as part of the â€Å"family/’ and would have great difficulty in implementing such lay-off. Nevertheless, since she had no realistic short-term alternative for closing the â€Å"revenue gap†, she reluctantly agreed to implement the layoff policy which would be as fair as possible to all employees, with guarantee of reemployment for those laid off, and to find additional revenue sources so that layoffs would be unnecessary in the future. DRP Gigantic called Tees Barnacles into her office the next morning, shared her concerns, and asked her to prepare both a short-term plan to save PH over next year through employee lay-offs as well as long-term plan to avoid layoffs in the future. Her concerns were that the layoffs themselves might be costly in terms Of lost investment in some of the laid-off employees, lost efficiency, potential lawsuits, and lower morale. She was concerned that the criteria for the layoff not only be equitable, but also appear to be equitable to the employees. She also wanted to make sure that those being laid off received adequate† notice so they could make alternative plans or so the hospital could assist them with finding alternative employment. Since the hospital has no previous experience with employee layoffs and no union contract constraints, her feeling was that both seniority and job performance should be considered in determining who would be laid off. Tees knew the hospital’s performance appraisal system was inadequate and needed to be revamped. While this task was high on her â€Å"to do† list, she also knew she had to move ahead with her recommendations on layoffs immediately. The present reference appraisal system uses a traditional checklist rating scale with summary rating. Since there is no forced distribution, the average ratings of employees in different departments varies widely. Exhibit 2. 1 . Shows the summary ratings of employee’s in each department. Most supervisors in all departments rate most of their subordinates either â€Å"satisfactory’ or â€Å"outstanding. † Tees has done a quick review of those employees whose over-all ratings Were â€Å"unsatisfactory† or â€Å"questionable†. Most are employee’s with less than three years of seniority, whereas, the â€Å"satisfactory† employee has worked for Sat. Filament approximately seven years. Tees is preparing to submit her recommendations to DRP. Gigantic and has come to YOU, HER Consultant, for advice. Exhibit 2. 2 provides a summary of the distribution of employees and payroll expense by department for the most recent year. Questions: 1. Identify the major problem or problems and their causes. 2. What are some alternatives for dealing with these problems? For example is it possible to avoid layoffs through the use of attrition? 3. Develop a plan for implementing employee layoffs over the next year which will generate 3 million pesos is savings. Give specific details concerning apartments affected, the use of seniority versus merit, the amount of notice, and out-placement activities. How to cite Case Study On HR Planning, Free Case study samples

The dehumanizing effects of totalitarianism in 1984 by George Orwell Essay Example

The dehumanizing effects of totalitarianism in 1984 by George Orwell: Essay The most prominent message of 1984 is that totalitarianism destroys all that is civil and noble in human beings. In the novel, Orwell writes â€Å"Freedom is the freedom to say two plus two equals four. Once that is granted, all else follows.† The converse of this quote is that by disallowing fundamental freedoms that are inherent to humanity Big Brother and his Party are able to produce a dehumanized, mechanical race of people. In other words, dehumanization is both the cause and effect of a totalitarian political system. This essay will take this as its thesis and flesh out arguments and evidence in support. There are several methods adopted by the party to dehumanize its population. One such is the rigid scheduling of everyday activities for the people. This is most pronounced for members of the Outer Party and Inner Party and less so for the Proletariat. Winston Smith, the protagonist of the story, is a member of the Outer Party. As a result he is subject to strict daily routines which have a dehumanizing effect. For example, the day begins not with a gentle tap that wakes one up from a peaceful sleep. Instead the ubiquitous telescreen lets out a shrieking, piercing alarm that shocks the sleeper out of bed. But this is just the beginning of the torturous routine that cannot be evaded by anyone. After the shocking wake-up call the citizens are subject to a compulsory exercise regimen. Winston suffers from coughing fits each morning, but still he cannot excuse himself from these ‘physical jerks’ as they are called. To boot, his varicose ulcer condition is also exacerbated by the strain of exercise. By forcing people into these rigorous everyday routines, the Inner Party and the masterminds who inhabit it, induce a sense of helplessness among the population. If one of the hallmarks of human nature is the ‘freedom’ to think and act accordingly, the agenda of the Party nullifies this possibility. We will write a custom essay sample on The dehumanizing effects of totalitarianism in 1984 by George Orwell: specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The dehumanizing effects of totalitarianism in 1984 by George Orwell: specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The dehumanizing effects of totalitarianism in 1984 by George Orwell: specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The other method of dehumanization that the Party has devised is the abolition of sex and intimacy among couple. Sex is allowed only in conjugal relations, but that too strictly for the purpose of procreation. In fact the establishment of agencies like Anti-Sex League is toward this end. The rationale for the encouragement of celibacy is that by suppressing the sex-instinct, the instincts toward liberty and free thought might also be repressed. By taking control of a fundamental human urge – to seek and offer love – the Party can sufficiently control a whole range of other thoughts and expression. The Thought Police is especially vigilant in detecting, verifying and ultimately punishing those who are found guilty of this grievous ‘crime’. The effect of such an attack on sex and intimacy is a society that is deeply dehumanized. In Winston Smith’s own case, his marriage to Catherine was short lived. Having been indoctrinated by the Anti-Sex League, Cat herine turned out to be frigid woman devoid of any passion. Her perception of marriage was one of duty toward the party. Caught between his wife’s dogmatic attitude toward marriage and her acquired frigidity of body and emotion, Winston found his fifteen months of married life a dehumanizing experience. Another effective method employed by Big Brother and his team of social planners is total control of personal memory. There is no such thing as individual remembrance of fact or event. The only source of reference or knowledge is through the books, journals and historical records published by the Ministry of Information. The coining of the name Ministry of Information is meant ironically by Orwell, for what it produces is largely misinformation. Freedom, in the context of the Ministry of Information, is the freedom to truth. If the ministry decides that two plus two shall be five and not four, such will become the immutable ‘truth’ in the eerie world of Oceania. Political propaganda is the only guiding logic behind any piece of information dished out by the ministry. But not all such information can be assimilated by a human being. In the case of Winston Smith, being a man of above average intelligence and perceptiveness, his mind revolts against accepting party propaganda that stands in contradiction to his personal knowledge. It is in recognition of this natural tendency to rebel that the word ‘doublethink’ is introduced in Newspeak. Even Winston’s everyday job is one of purging, correcting or fabricating old records of The Times to suit current political expediencies. In this way, Winston’s job is about eliminating the merit or necessity of individual memory. The freedom to possess personal knowledge or memory is made redundant with the constant reinvention of history. Thus if Winston produces an article to the effect of saying two plus two equals five, such will become the undisputed fact. By taking away from people the fundamental right to independent thought, sound logic and personal memory, the Party turns them into mere puppets. They are by the same token deeply dehumanized. The totalitarian control over personal memory is one symptom of a broader systemic condition in Oceania, namely, the total lack of freedom of press. This has several implications. For example, beyond the fact of freedom of speech and expression, as well as the claim to a fundamental human right, it affects other domains of life. The quality and content of art and literature depends on it. Likewise, the shape of intellectual life and public discourse is borne by freedom of press. Even the seemingly abstract and removed world of scientific inquiry cannot flourish under harsh censorship. And most importantly, freedom of press is often linked to freedom in education. When the education system and the disseminated content are controlled by the state, there are serious repercussions. The young impressionable minds of children are most vulnerable to systematic indoctrination. By careful choice and structuring of syllabi at various levels, Big Brother and his Party have supreme power to prod uce young adults who would toe the party line. This is equivalent to subjecting children to an assembly line of production. Such a scenario is not only profoundly harmful and dehumanizing for the children of Oceania. In conclusion, the fundamental freedom to thought, action and seeking truth is abolished in the dystopia of Oceania. Thereby, its wretched citizens of all categorizations do not have the power to say ‘two plus two equals four’. The deprivation of such a basic freedom has profound implications in all realms of life. What this nightmarish system produces ultimately are hordes of mindless and subservient masses of people who are not human in the sense we know it. They are decidedly less than human and more akin to captive animals. Reference: Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. A novel. New York: Harcourt, Brace Co.